As of 2021, Turkey has a population of 84.4 million, making it the 18th largest country in the world by this measure. There are 48.9% males and 51.1% females.

There are 29.6 million people employed in Turkey, with an unemployment rate of 14.2% ā€“ 3.6 million people.


Turkey is the 19th largest economy in the world with a GDP of $801.6bn. Turkey’s GDP has grown by 4% between 2010 and 2021 and is expected to grow by 21% by 2025.

As of 2021 there are 8.2 million students in tertiary education in Turkey, with 13 million students in secondary and 4.9 million in primary education. Turkey spent 6.4% of its GDP on education in 2019.

Turkey ranked 33rd in the World Bank’s Doing Business Report (2020). In the 2019 report it finished 43rd. In the World Economic Forumā€™s Global Competitiveness Report (2019), Turkey finished 61st, after ranking 61st in 2018.

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Public healthcare expenditure totalled $25bn and private healthcare expenditure equalled $7bn in 2018.

The largest urban areas in Turkey are Istanbul (16.4 million people), Ankara (5.9 million) and Izmir (4.5 million).